Markéta Teodoridu:
Meliaceae | Toona
3. Toona sureni (Blume) Merrill; Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 305. 1917.
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Swietenia sureni Blume; Catalogus; 72. 1823; Cedrela febrifuga Blume; C. febrifuga var. pealii C. Candolle; C. febrifuga var. verrucosa C. Candolle; p.p. (as to Forbes 118 and Forbes s.n. from Sumatra); C. microcarpa C. Candolle var. grandifoliola C. Candolle; C. sureni (Blume) Burkill; C. toona Roxburgh ex Rottler var. henryi C. Candolle; C. toona var. pilistila C. Candolle; C. toona var. warburgii C. Candolle; Surenus febrifuga (Blume) Kuntze; Toona ciliata M. Roemer var. candollei Bahadur; T. ciliata var. grandifoliola (C. Candolle) Bahadur; T. ciliata var. henryi (C. Candolle) Harms; T. febrifuga (Blume) M. Roemer.
Trees; medium sized to 40 m tall; trunk to 25 m tall; to 3 m d.b.h.; with or without buttresses (to 2 m); crown fairly wide; spreading; occasionally dense. Bark whitish; grayish brown; gray; or light brown; usually vertically fissured and flaking; inner bark pinkish white; pinkish brown; reddish brown; or orange; fibrous; sap-wood white; pink; or pale red; sweetly aromatic when cut. Twigs pilose and often densely and prominently lenticellate with conspicuous verrucose lenticels. Leaves 29-84 cm; petiole 7-12 cm; pilose to glabrescent; often lenticellate; rachis moderately pilose to glabrescent; occasionally velutinous; leaflets usually 6-9(-12) pairs; petiolules (2-)4-12 mm; pilose/villous to glabrescent; leaflet blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; 7-14(-19.5) x 3.1-6(-7) cm; often dark grayish brown; moderately pilose to glabrescent; usually with short trichomes and club-glands apically on midveins; veins basally pilose to villous/velutinous; base symmetrical to asymmetrical; margin entire; apex acuminate to occasionally acute. Inflorescences to 40 cm; pendent; rachis pilose to villous with medium to long spreading trichomes; occasionally glabrescent. Flowers 4-5 mm; sweetly aromatic. Pedicel (0.3-)0.7-1.3 mm; pilose to villous. Calyx 1-1.5 mm; outside pilose to glabrescent; lobes imbricate; sepals usually shallowly triangular especially in bud; 0.6-1 x 0.8-1.5 mm; outside villous to glabrescent; margins ciliate; apex usually acute. Petals white; creamy white; or pale pink; 3.5-5 x 1.6-3.2 mm; outside villous to glabrescent but in bud usually with conspicuous ciliate bands of long appressed trichomes on margins. Androgynophore 2.5-4.7 mm; filaments 1.2-2.5 mm (male flowers); 1-1.3 mm (female flowers); pilose to villous with scattered to dense long trichomes; anthers of male flowers 0.7-1.3 x 0.3-0.8 mm; apex usually apiculate; antherodes of female flowers sagittate; 0.5-0.9 x 0.2-0.6 mm. Disk orange to red; 1.2-2.5 mm in diam.; densely pilose. Ovary 1.6-2.8 mm in diam.; moderately to densely pilose; with to 6 ovules per locule; style 1.2-3 x 0.2-0.5 mm (male); 0.5-1 x ca. 0.3 mm (female); pilose with scattered usually appressed trichomes especially on basal half; stylehead 0.7-1.3 mm in diam. Capsule 1.4-2(-2.4) cm; columella 1.4-2(-2.4) x 0.5-0.8(-1) cm; concave with apical scarring; valves dark brown to blackish brown; rough; verrucose; with conspicuous and often ovoid 0.3-2 x 0.4-1.3 mm rusty lenticels. Seeds 1.1-2(-2.2) cm x (3-)4-4.8 mm; winged at both ends; wings unequal with broadly obtuse apices; seed body 5-8 x 1.5-2 mm. Fl. Apr; fr. Apr-May.
Open hillsides; occasional in ravines; forests; and woods; 700-1600 m. Guizhou; Hainan; Sichuan; Yunnan [Bhutan; India; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Papua New Guinea; Thailand].
This species also yields excellent timber. Its bark is used as a powerful astringent and a purgative throughout its range. In Indo-China it is considered to be a tonic; an antiperiodic; and an antirheumatic; while in Indonesia it is used as an astringent and a tonic for treating diarrhea; dysentery; and other intestinal infections. The leaf extracts apparently have an antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus; with leaf tip con-coctions being applied to swellings. Because of the difficulty of separating this species from Toona ciliata in the herbarium; it is probable that T. sureni is more widespread in China than the above localities indicate.