Title
Southeast Iberian oro-Mediterranean pine forests (Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis) with Juniperus sabina, Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii, Daphne oleoides, Beberis vulgaris subsp. australis on carbonate rocks
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Spain: Sierras Beticas: Sierra de Magina, Sierra de Segura, Sierra de Baza, Sierra de Gador; Provincia Betica
area frequency
8 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Daphno oleoidis-Pinetum sylvestris Rivas-Martínez 1964.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Pine forest with a pronounced open herb layer and heliophilous species such as various junipers.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis, Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii
Shrub layer
Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica, Juniperus sabina, Daphne oleoides, Berberis vulgaris subsp. australis, Rosa micrantha, Crataegus monogyna, Vella spinosa
Herb layer
Polygala boissieri, Geum heterocarpum, Luzula caespitosa, Helictotrichon filifolium, Cerastium boissierianum, Senecio boissieri, Viola hirta
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Pinus sylvestris var. nevadensis, Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii; Daphne oleoides; Geum heterocarpum
Ecological variants
Altitude belt forms: pinetosum sylvestris (mountainous areas of the Sierra de Baza and Sierra Nevada); pinetosum clusianae (lower mountainous areas of the Sierras de Baza, Sierra Nevada, Sierra Mágina, Sierra Segura-Cazorla and the Sierra La Sagra with Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii, Amelanchier ovalis, Erinacea anthyllis).
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
---
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
Quercus faginea-forests (G74), Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia-forests (J9, J10).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Plantations; scrub: Lonicero splendidae-Berberidetum hispanicae, Festuco hystricis-Astragaletum granatensis; nanochamaephyte communities: Andryalo agardhii-Convolvuletum boissieri on dolomite.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Perennial pasture lands: Seselido granatensis-Festucetum hystricis on sandy lithosols, Coronillo minimae-Astragaletum nummularioidis on moister and humus-richer soils; nitrophilous tomillares: Artemisio glutinosae-Santolinetum canescentis.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
mountainous country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
oro-Mediterranean; above 1700 m
Geology (bedrock)
limestone, dolomite; (Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
(calcaric lithic leptosols; stony calcic cambisols)
soil moisture, water balance
moderately dry, dry
soil reaction
neutral, alkaline
soil fertility
oligotrophic to mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
X
average annual temperature
4-8 °C
average annual precipitation
600-1000 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
12-16 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
-2 to 2 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
subhumid.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Tourism.
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
No details
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Gómez Mercado & Valle Tendero 1988; Mota Poveda 1990; Peinado Lorca & Rivas-Martínez (Ed.) 1987; Rivas-Martínez 1969a; Rivas-Martínez 1969b; Rivas-Martínez 1987
Compiled by
A. Penas Merino and L. Herrero Cembranos
