Title
Middle and south Ural herb-rich pine forests (Pinus sylvestris) with Larix sibirica, with Calamagrostis arundinacea, Geranium sylvaticum
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Russia: small-scaled in the southern part of the central Ural, south Ural
area frequency
5 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
No details
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
In the tree layer there is dominant Pinus sylvestris with admixtures of Larix sibirica, Betula pendula and individual specimens of Picea obovata and Abies sibirica. The degree of coverage is 60-90 %, and the 100-120 years old pines are 22-25 m high. The shrub layer is open (10-30 % degree of coverage), while the herb layer is well developed (60-80 % degree of coverage) and species-rich. The moss layer is weakly developed (20-30 % degree of coverage). Pteridium aquilinum and herb-rich pine forests dominate.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus sylvestris, admixed Larix sibirica, Betula pendula, scattered Picea obovata, Abies sibirica
Shrub layer
Rosa acicularis, Sorbus aucuparia, Daphne mezereum, Lonicera xylosteum, Prunus padus, Viburnum opulus, Salix caprea, Ribes nigrum, Rubus idaeus, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus
Herb layer
Calamagrostis arundinacea, Geranium sylvaticum, Brachypodium pinnatum, Dactylis glomerata, Pteridium aquilinum, Solidago virgaurea, Rubus saxatilis, Aegopodium podagraria, Galium boreal, Polygonatum odoratum, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla erecta, Melica nutans, Lathyrus vernus, Pulmonaria dacica, Stachys officinalis, Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. lycoctonum, Vicia sylvatica, Bupleurum longifolium subsp. aureum, Pulsatilla patens subsp. flavescens, Trifolium lupinaster, Lilium martagon
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Climacium dendroides, Dicranum scoparium, Dicranum polysetum
Diagnostically important species
Pinus sylvestris, Larix sibirica; Brachypodium pinnatum, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Trifolium lupinaster, Polygonatum odoratum, Pulsatilla patens subsp. flavescens
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
In the southern part of its range with forest steppe species (Caragana frutex, Dracocephalum ruyschiana etc.).
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
No details
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
fir-spruce- and spruce-fir forests (D14, D20, D22), pine forests (D58), forest steppes (L6).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Pioneer communities with Betula pendula.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
No details
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Plains, weakly inclined slopes facing the east
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
300-600 m
Geology (bedrock)
Palaeozoic (Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician); basic eruptive and metamorphic rocks
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
weakly podzolic and leached soils; (orthic luvisols, eutric podzoluvisols, lithic orthic greyzems)
soil texture
sandy-loamy, loamy-sandy
soil moisture, water balance
fresh
soil reaction
moderately acidic
soil fertility
mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VIII1, VIII(VI)4, VII(VIII)
average annual temperature
0,5-1,5 °C
average annual precipitation
450-520 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
July 17-18 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
January Å -16 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Russia: south-west of Ekaterinburg.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Gorčakovskij 1956
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová based on documents by P.L. Gorčakovskij
