Title
Middle and south Ural herb-rich pine forests (Pinus sylvestris) with Larix sibirica, with Tilia cordata in understorey, with Calamagrostis arundinacea, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Melica nutans
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Russia: southern part of the central Ural, south Ural
area frequency
15 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
No details
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
The tree layer is formed from Pinus sylvestris, with additions of Larix sibirica and Tilia cordata, sometimes also with small proportions of Betula pendula (canopy closure 70-90 %). In 200 year-old stands the pines are 22-26 m high. Tilia cordata forms the lower tree layer. Scattered shrub undergrowth (20-30 % degree of coverage), the herb layer is well developed (70-90 % degree of coverage) and species-rich (more than 100 species) with heavy participation of nemoral species. The moss layer is weakly to well developed (20-40 % degree of coverage). Herb rich Calamagrostis and Pteridium aquilinum pine forests dominate.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus sylvestris, admixed Larix sibirica, Tilia cordata, Betula pendula
Shrub layer
Sorbus aucuparia, Rosa acicularis, Daphne mezereum, Prunus padus, Lonicera xylosteum, Viburnum opulus, Juniperus communis
Herb layer
Calamagrostis arundinacea, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Melica nutans, Solidago virgaurea, Rubus saxatilis, Galium boreal, Potentilla erecta, Geranium sylvaticum, Lathyrus vernus, Pulmonaria dacica, Stachys officinalis, Pulsatilla patens subsp. flavescens, Asarum europaeum, Viola mirabilis
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Climacium dendroides
Diagnostically important species
Pinus sylvestris, Tilia cordata; Calamagrostis arundinacea, Pteridium aquilinum, Aegopodium podagraria, Melica nutans, Asarum europaeum, Viola mirabilis
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
in the more southern parts of the range with forest steppe species (Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Origanum vulgare etc.).
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Pine forests of rocky sites with Antennaria dioica, Sedum telephium.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
spruce forests (D13, D14, D20, D21, D22, D23), pine forests (D51, D59), lime-pedunculate oak forests (F73), forest steppes (L6).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
pine plantations.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
montane meadows with Totorta officinalis, Trollius europaeus, Veratrum lobelianum, Alchemilla spp.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
weakly inclined mountain slopes
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
submontane-montane; 400-750 m
Geology (bedrock)
eruptive and metamorphic rocks (Palaeozoic, Precambrian)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
weakly podzolic and leached soils; (orthic luvisols, eutric podzoluvisols)
soil texture
loamy and loamy-sandy
soil moisture, water balance
fresh
soil reaction
moderately acidic
soil fertility
mesotrophic, meso-eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VIII1
average annual temperature
0,5-1 °C
average annual precipitation
450-550 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
July 16,5-17,5 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
January -16 to -15 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Russia: forest region Krasnoufimskij near Ekaterinburg, upper course of the Jurjuzanj in the čeljabinsk region.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Gorčakovskij 1956
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová based on documents by P.L. Gorčakovskij
