Title
Dinaric beech forests (Fagus sylvatica, Fagus sylvatica subsp. moesiaca) with Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Lonicera alpigena, Rhamnus alpina subsp. fallax, Mercurialis perennis, Hordelymus europaeus
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Bosnia- Herzegovina: Vlašiƒ, Javor; Yugoslavia: Montenegro
area frequency
14 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Mercuriali-Fagetum Fukarek 1970, Elymo-Fagetum Ble…iƒ & Lakušiƒ 1970, Asyneumato-Fagetum moesiacae Ble…iƒ & Lakušiƒ 1970 p.p.; Fageto-Aceretum visianii Ble…iƒ & Lakušiƒ 1970 p.p.; Fagetum sylvaticae montenegrinum Ble…iƒ 1958; Fagetum montanum Fukarek & Stefanoviƒ 1958.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Species-rich beech forests with dominant Fagus sylvatica, and subsp. Moesiaca in part, that contain mainly Central European species; a weakly developed shrub layer; the herb layer covers approx. 100 % of the surface, within which basiphilous to neutrophilous Fagetalia species dominate. A barely developed moss layer. Illyrian species disappear or are absent.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Fagus sylvatica, locally also Fagus sylvatica subsp. moesiaca, admixed Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Acer heldreichii, isolated Abies alba
Shrub layer
Lonicera alpigena, Lonicera formanekiana, Rhamnus alpina subsp. fallax
Herb layer
Mercurialis perennis, Galium odoratum, Hordelymus europaeus, Viola reichenbachiana, Prenanthes purpurea, Mycelis muralis, Paris quadrifolia, Campanula trichocalycina, Luzula sylvatica, Anemone nemorosa, Dryopteris filix-mas, Lamium galeobdolon, Lathyrus vernus among others
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Fagus sylvatica, Fagus sylvatica subsp. moesiaca, Acer heldreichii; Lonicera alpigena; Mercurialis perennis, Hordelymus europaeus, Cardamine bulbifera, Aremonia agrimonoides, Calamintha grandiflora, Asarum europaeum, Lamium galeobdolon, Campanula trichocalycina
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
No details
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum, Seslerio-Ostryetum carpinifoliae, Aceri obtusati-Fagetum, Laserpitio-Pinetum nigrae, Omphalodo-Fagetum (= Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum), Aceri pseudoplatani-Fagetum.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
dwarf pine scrubs (C37), spruce forests (D38, D39), sessile oak-hornbeam forests (F65, F66), species-poor beech forests (F89), species-rich beech and mixed beech forests (F122, F143, F159), Balkan oak-bitter oak forests (G19), hop-downy oak forests (G48), Balkan pine and black pine forests (K7, K13).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
No details
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Festuco-Brometea communities; livestock meadows (cattle, sheep).
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
---
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Mountain country with a highly substructured relief
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
montane, (altimontane)
Geology (bedrock)
limestone, dolomite, chalky clay (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
mountain-rendzines, base-rich brown soils; (rendzic leptosols; chromic and eutric cambisols)
soil texture
loamy to clayey, often stony to rocky
soil moisture, water balance
fresh to moderately dry
soil reaction
neutral to weakly alkaline
soil fertility
mesotrophic, meso-eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI(X), X
average annual temperature
6-8 EC
average annual precipitation
1400-1700 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
17-19 EC
average temperature of the coldest month
-1 to 0 EC
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
---
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Grazing.
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Bosnia-Herzegovina: Peruƒica-primeval forest; Montenegro: Biogradska gora-primeval forest.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
Montenegro: Piva- and Tara-gorge.
Most important references (author, year)
Blečić 1958; Blečić & Lakušić 1970; Fukarek 1970; Fukarek & Stefanović 1958b; Horvat, Glavač & Ellenberg 1974
Compiled by
I. Trinajstiƒ, completed by M. Zupan…i…
