Title
Transylvanian hornbeam-pedunculate oak forests (Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus) with Melampyrum bihariense
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Romania: Transylvania
area frequency
1 Polygone.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Melampyro bihariensis-Carpinetum (Borza 1941) Soó 1964 em. Coldea 1975 (Carpino-Quercetum roboris Borza 1941). Locally communities with a very limited area; its syntaxonomical state is to be examined.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Three-layered hornbeam-pedunculate oak forests. The tree layer is subdivided into two layers: the upper is dominated by Quercus robur, and occasionally Tilia cordata, Prunus avium, and the lower is dominated by Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre and Malus sylvestris. The shrub layer is species-deficient. The herb layer consists of many species of mesophilous forests.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre, Malus sylvestris
Shrub layer
Crataegus monogyna, Ligustrum vulgare, Corylus avellana, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa, Frangula alnus
Herb layer
Stellaria holostea, Carex pilosa, Lamium galeobdolon, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Asarum europaeum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Aegopodium podagraria, Cardamine bulbifera, Mercurialis perennis, Campanula persicifolia, Lathyrus niger, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Maianthemum bifolium, Genista tinctoria
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus; Melampyrum bihariense
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
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Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
sessile oak-hornbeam forests (F60), species-rich beech forests (F125, F126), alluvial forests (U16).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Forestry.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Agrostetum stoloniferae (Ujvárosi 1941) Burdia et. al. 1958, Festucetum pratensis Soó 1938, Alopecuretum pratensis Nowi½sk 1928.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
---
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
---
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Hilly country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline
Geology (bedrock)
Tertiary sediments
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
brown soils, lessivé, often pseudogleyed; (eutric cambisols; gleyic luvisols)
soil moisture, water balance
fresh, periodically moist
soil reaction
weakly acidic
soil fertility
mesotrophic to eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI2a
average annual temperature
8-9 EC
average annual precipitation
600-750 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
19-21 EC
average temperature of the coldest month
-3 to -2 EC
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
Warm, humid climate.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Romania: Transylvania (without further details).
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Burduja et al. 1956; Ivan, Doniţă, Coldea, Sanda, Popescu, Chifu, Boşcaiu, Mititelu & Paucă-Comănescu 1993; Soó 1964b; Soó 1964c
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová referring to the book by D. Ivan et al. 1993
