Title
Moldavian hornbeam-sessile oak forests (Quercus petraea, Quercus dalechampii, Carpinus betulus) with Tilia tomentosa, Fraxinus excelsior, with Carex brevicollis, Cardamine quinquefolia
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
East Romania: Moldau-central plateau between Prut and Siret; Republic of Moldavia: between Prut and Dnjestr)
area frequency
6 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Tilio tomentosae-Carpinetum betuli DoniÛ| (1968) 1970, Querco petraeae-Tilio-Carpinetum Dobrescu & Kovács 1973, Aro orientalis-Tilio-Carpinetum (Dobrescu & Kovács 1973) Dobrescu Ivan et al. 1993 nom. novum.Comment: Probably a regional association of its own, but in need of a comparative-syntaxonomical revision.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Four-layered mixed oak forests with an upper tree layer consisting of Quercus petraea, Quercus dalechampii, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia tomentosa, Tilia platyphyllos, and more rarely with admixtures of Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica (only in the west). In the lower tree layer there is Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Acer tataricum, Acer campestre, Sorbus torminalis and Pyrus pyraster. The shrub and herb layers consist primarily of mesophilous as well as some thermophilous forest species, and the herb layer is very species-rich.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Quercus petraea, Quercus dalechampii, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia tomentosa, Tilia platyphyllos, locally Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica (only in the west); Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Acer tataricum, Acer campestre, Sorbus torminalis, Pyrus pyraster
Shrub layer
Cornus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Euonymus verrucosa, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Viburnum lantana, Ligustrum vulgare
Herb layer
Glechoma hirsuta, Polygonatum hirtum, Galium schultesii, Galium odoratum, Viola reichenbachiana, Viola hirta, Dactylis polygama, Melica uniflora, Poa nemoralis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Geum urbanum
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
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Diagnostically important species
Quercus petraea, Quercus dalechampii, Tilia tomentosa; Cornus mas, Euonymus verrucosa; Carex brevicollis, Cardamine quinquefolia, Glechoma hirsuta, Polygonatum hirtum
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
Regionally hard to subclassify.
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Small incidences of Moldavian tomillares and tomillare steppes on limestone.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
sessile oak-hornbeam forests (F62), species-rich beech forests (F127), Oriental hornbeam-downy oak forests (G60), forest steppes (L3, L13), steppes (M1), alluvial forests (U16).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Middle and low forests, scrub (Prunetalia spinosae).
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Meadow steppes (Medicagini-Festucetum valesiacae Wagner 1941, Bothriochloetum ischaemi Krist 1931).
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
No details
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Hilly country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline; 150-350 m
Geology (bedrock)
Tertiary sediments
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
leached black earths, brown soils and parabrown soils; (luvic chernozems; eutric cambisols; orthic luvisols)
soil texture
silty to clayey loam
soil moisture, water balance
fresh to moderately dry
soil reaction
weakly acidic to neutral
soil fertility
meso-eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI1, VI(VII)1
average annual temperature
8,5-9,5 EC
average annual precipitation
450-600 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
20-21 EC
average temperature of the coldest month
-2 to -1 EC
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
Warm and dry climate.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
No details
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Doniţă, Ivan, Coldea, Sanda, Popescu, Chifu, Paucă-Comănescu, Mitetelu & Boşcaiu 1992; Ivan, Doniţă, Coldea, Sanda, Popescu, Chifu, Boşcaiu, Mititelu & Paucă-Comănescu 1993
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová after D. Ivan et al. 1993, revised by U. Bohn
