Title
Southeast Sarmatian lime-pedunculate oak forests (Quercus robur, Tilia cordata) with Lonicera tatarica, partly with Cornus alba
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Russia: Volga plate and Transkama region as far as to the pre-Ural in the east. In the south as far as to the border of forest steppes and advancing into the steppe region
area frequency
153 polygons .
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Tilieto-Quercetum caricoso (pilosae) - aegopodiosum, T.-Q. stellariosum, T.-Q. galiosum (odoratum), T.-Q. with Matteucia struthiopteris, Quercetum herbosum, Tilietum caricosum (pilosae), Tilietum aegopodiosum, Tilietum galiosum (odoratum), Tilietum alt-herbosum, Aceroso (platanoides)-Tilietum caricoso (pilosae) - aegopodiosum.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Multi-layer deciduous forests; in the upper tree layer dominant Quercus robur and Tilia cordata, in the second tree layer all other tree species. Shrub layer with differing degrees of coverage. In the herb layer nemoral species dominate.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Tilia cordata, Quercus robur with admixture of Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus laevis
Shrub layer
Corylus avellana, Euonymus verrucosa, Lonicera tatarica, Lonicera xylosteum, Cornus alba, Sorbus aucuparia, Rubus idaeus, Rosa majalis, Crataegus sanguinea
Herb layer
Aegopodium podagraria, Pulmonaria obscura, Carex pilosa, Asarum europaeum, Galium odoratum, Glechoma hederacea, Polygonatum multiflorum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Stellaria holostea, Campanula latifolia; spring geophytes: Corydalis solida, Anemone ranunculoides, Gagea lutea
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, Acer platanoides; Lonicera tatarica, Cornus alba; Aegopodium podagraria, Carex pilosa
Ecological variants
On moist sites with Angelica sylvestris, Festuca gigantea, Geum urbanum, Scrophularia nodosa, Silene chalcedonica.
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
Southern forms with Acer tataricum, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Spiraea crenata, Prunus spinosa, Prunus fruticosa, Prunus tenella, Rhamnus cathartica, Filipendula vulgaris, Tanacetum corymbosum, Trifolium montanum, Stipa capillata.
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
From place to place with steppe communities, pre-Ural pine and mixed pine forests.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
spruce- and fir-spruce forests (D20, D21, D23), pine forests (D57), lime-pedunculate oak forests (F70, F71, F73), forest steppes (L5, L6), steppes (M3, M6, M7), tree-rich raised bogs (S12), alluvial and moist forests (U12, U13).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Plantations consisting of limes, oaks, forests with Betula pendula, Populus tremula, pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantations.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
No details
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
No details
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Valley cleaved areas of interfluvial regions.
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline; 300-450 m
Geology (bedrock)
limestone (Tertiary), sandstone (Permian), loam (Pleistocene sediments)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
parabrown soils, normal and leached black earths, grey forest steppe soils; (haplic and luvic chernozems; orthic luvisols; orthic greyzems)
soil texture
loam and clay
soil moisture, water balance
fresh to moderately dry
soil reaction
weakly acidic to neutral
soil fertility
mesotrophic, meso-eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VIII1, VIII(VI)4
average annual temperature
3-8 EC
average annual precipitation
350-550 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
18-20 EC
average temperature of the coldest month
-16 to -13 EC
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
---
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Natural forests for the most part destroyed, surviving only as small forest islands.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
Species worthy of protection: Cephalanthera rubra, Cypripedium calceolus, Neottia nidus-avis, Fritillaria ruthenica, Adonis vernalis, Myosotis popovii, Neottianthe cucullata.
causes of endangerment
Forest clearing, grazing, agricultural use.
required measures for protection and restitution
Preservation of the remaining semi-natural forests, creation of opportunities to regenerate the natural vegetation.
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Russia: Zapovednik ðigulevskij; national park: Samarskaja Luka, Chvalynskij.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
No details
Most important references (author, year)
Gribova, Isačenko & Lavrenko (Red.) 1980; Kurnaev 1980; Smirnova (Ed.) 1994; Sočava & Semenova-Tjan-Šanskaja 1956
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová based on documents by T.K. Jurkovskaja and N.M. Kalibernova, completed by G.N. Ogureeva
