Title
Blechnum spicant-beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) with Oreopteris limbosperma, Vaccinium myrtillus on sandstone soils in the southeast pre-Alps
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Slovenia; (not shown on the map for Croatia; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Yugoslavia)
area frequency
5 polygons .
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Blechno-Fagetum Horvat ex Marin…ek 1970.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Acidophilous multi-layered beech forests on non-carbonate fresh soils.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Fagus sylvatica dominating, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Castanea sativa, Abies alba, Picea abies
Shrub layer
Frangula alnus
Herb layer
Blechnum spicant, Vaccinium myrtillus, Luzula luzuloides, Luzula pilosa, Huperzia selago, Calluna vulgaris, Oxalis acetosella, Hieracium murorum, Oreopteris limbosperma, Pteridium aquilinum
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
Bazzania trilobata, Leucobryum glaucum, Polytrichum formosum, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme
Diagnostically important species
Fagus sylvatica; Blechnum spicant, Oreopteris limbosperma, Vaccinium myrtillus, Luzula luzuloides; Bazzania trilobata, Leucobryum glaucum
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
Moesian strain with Fagus sylvatica subsp. moesiaca.
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae (Marinček & Zupančič 1977) Marinček & Zupančič 1995, Vaccinio myrtilli-Carpinetum betuli (M. Wraber 1969) Marinček 1994, Querco-Carpinetum Horvat 1938 s. l., Piceo abietis-Quercetum roboris (M. Wraber 1969) Marinček 1994.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
mixed oak-hornbeam forests (F47, F65), species-poor beech and fir-beech forests (F87, F96), species-rich beech and fir-beech forests (F121, F133, F143, F149, F158).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Oak forestry, coniferous plantations.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Genisto-Callunetum Horvat 1938.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
Hilly and mountainous country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline-submontane to montane; 300-900 (1300) m
Geology (bedrock)
slate, sandstone, crystal slate (Palaeozoic)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
acidic, base-poor brown soils, podzolized brown soils; (stony dystric cambisols)
soil moisture, water balance
fresh to stagnating moist
soil reaction
strongly acidic
soil fertility
oligotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI2b, VI(X)
average annual temperature
6-9 EC
average annual precipitation
1400-1800 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
18-19 EC
average temperature of the coldest month
-2 to 0 EC
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Forestry.
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Slovenia: Gorenjska ; Croatia: Gorski Kotor.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Horvat 1950a; Horvat 1950b; Horvat 1962; Horvat, Glavač & Ellenberg 1974; Marinček 1970; Marinček 1973; Marinček & Zupančič 1995
Compiled by
M. Zupan…i…
