Title
Pannonian periodically moist pedunculate oak-bitter oak forests (Quercus cerris, Quercus robur, partly Quercus petraea) with Asphodelus albus, Iris variegata, Veratrum nigrum
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Hungary: between lake Balaton and Drau
area frequency
2 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Asphodelo-Quercetum roboris-cerris Borhidi ex Soó et al. 1969; Deschampsio-Quercetum roboris-cerris (Pócs 1958) Soó 1971 (syn.: Potentillo albae-Quercetum praenoricum Pócs 1958, Quercetum petraeae-cerris asphodeletosum Borhidi & Komlódi 1959, Potentillo albae-Quercetum petraeae-cerris asphodeletosum Tallós 1959).
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Moderately high, usually two-layered forests with a closed tree layer and a quite well developed, species-rich herb layer with acidophytes and moisture indicators.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Quercus robur, Quercus cerris, in the north and west also Quercus petraea, Betula pendula, Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. danubialis, Castanea sativa, Pinus sylvestris
Shrub layer
Ligustrum vulgare, Crataegus monogyna, Rhamnus cathartica, Euonymus europaea, Cornus sanguinea, Rubus caesius
Herb layer
Festuca heterophylla, Festuca filiformis, Carex brizoides, Molinia arundinacea, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Pteridium aquilinum (secondary)
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Quercus cerris; Potentilla alba, Asphodelus albus, Silene coronaria, Veratrum nigrum, Holcus mollis, Euphorbia angulata, Carex montana, Carex fritschii, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
In the northern and western Transdanubian region on a gravelly substrate a more acidophilous variant with Pinus sylvestris, Castanea sativa, Calluna vulgaris, Pulmonaria angustifolia; in the south Transdanubian region on fine sand there is also Tamus communis, Luzula forsteri, Dianthus barbatus.
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
On sand dunes in complex with Festuco-Corynephoretum, in the lowlands between the dunes Fraxino-Ulmetum, Carici elongatae-Alnetum.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
oak-hornbeam forests (F47, F65), sessile oak-bitter oak forests (G16), freshwater tall reed swamps (R1), alder carrs (T1), alluvial forests (U16).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Junipero-Betuletum, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus cerris forestry.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Intermittently moist meadows and pastures: Deschampsietum cespitosae, Festuco-Cynosuretum, Junco-Molinietum, Agrostetum tenuis, Nardo-Festucetum tenuifoliae.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
Aphanion communities.
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
plains and hills with gravel terraces and sand dunes
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
lowland, colline; 100-250 m
Geology (bedrock)
chad, sands (Holocene, Tertiary)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
pseudogley, humic sandsoils; (dystric planosols; chromic cambisols; luvic arenosols)
soil moisture, water balance
periodically moist to moderately dry
soil reaction
moderately to weakly acidic
soil fertility
oligo-mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VII
average annual temperature
10,5-11,5 °C
average annual precipitation
650-720 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
July 20,5-21,5 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
January -0,5 to -2,0 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Very greatly endangered.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
The whole of the forest communities as well as the species Asphodelus albus, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus are endangered.
causes of endangerment
Clear-cutting, bauxite extraction
required measures for protection and restitution
Ecological restitution and protective measures for the still remaining semi-natural forests; strict regulation of land usage.
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Hungary: Széki-erdö, lake Baláta, Mike, Szentai erdö, Nyirádi erdö.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Borhidi 1958b; Borhidi & Járai-Komlódi 1959; Pócs, Domokos-Nagy, Pócs-Gelencsér & Vida 1958; Szodfrit & Tallós 1964; Tallós 1959
Compiled by
N. Doniţă based on documents by A. Borhidi
