Title
Pre-Carpathian Tatarian maple-sessile oak forests (Quercus petraea, Acer tataricum) with Melampyrum bihariense
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Romania: Oasch-Gutii-mountains in the north-west of the country
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Genisto tinctoriae-Quercetum petraeae Klika 1932 transsylvanicum Gergely 1962 (syn: Carici montanae-Quercetum petraeae Gergely 1962, Quercetum medioeuropaeum auct. rom.).
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Three-layered forests with well developed layers in which a mixture of central-European, continental and thermophilous species can be listed.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Quercus petraea, (Quercus robur, Quercus pubescens), Prunus avium, Carpinus betulus, Acer campestre, Pyrus pyraster, Acer tataricum, Sorbus torminalis
Shrub layer
Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum lantana, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare
Herb layer
Carex montana, Poa angustifolia, Sedum maximum, Lathyrus niger, Lathyrus transsylvanicus, Trifolium alpestre, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Melittis melissophyllum, Melampyrum bihariense, Genista tinctoria, Tanacetum corymbosum, Cytisus villosus
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Quercus petraea, Acer tataricum; Melampyrum bihariense, Lathyrus transsylvanicus, Genista tinctoria
Ecological variants
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Melico uniflorae-Quercetum petraeae, Dentario bulbiferae-Quercetum petraeae.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
acidophilous oak forests (F22), species-rich beech and mixed beech forests (F120, F125, F135).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Substitute communities with decreased proportions of Quercus species.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Agrosti-Festucetum rupicolae Csűrős 1964, Anthoxantho-Agrostetum tenuis Sillinger 1933, Festuco rubrae- Agrostetum tenuis Horvat 1956.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
hilly country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline to submontane; 300-550 m
Geology (bedrock)
Tertiary molasse and Pleistocene sediments
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
parabrown soils, weakly podzolised brown forest soils; (orthic luvisols; dystric cambisols)
soil moisture, water balance
(fresh to) moderately dry
soil reaction
moderately to weakly acidic
soil fertility
mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI(VII)
average annual temperature
8-8,5 °C
average annual precipitation
850-900 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
July 19-20 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
January -2 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Sometimes an anthropogenically modified species composition of the forests. Well preserved semi-natural stands are rare and as such worthy of protection.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Excessive usage for low forest management, stand transformation.
required measures for protection and restitution
Ecological restitution of the degraded forests.
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Romania: Turt (Satu Mare), Plopis-Cosniciu (jud. Bihor).
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Gergely 1962; Resmeriţă 1975
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová and N. Doniţă based on documents by G. Coldea
