Title
Balearic Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia-forests with Cyclamen balearicum
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Spain: Balearic provinces (islands Mallorca, Menorca)
area frequency
3 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Clematido cirrhosae-Quercetum rotundifoliae Rivas-Martínez & Costa 1987 (= Quercetum illicis galloprovinciale ampoledesmo-cneoretosum O. Bolòs & Molinier 1968).
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia forests which form the permanent vegetation today in shaded fields and hollows with deep soils.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia
Shrub layer
Pistacia lentiscus, Daphne gnidium, Osyris lanceolata, Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides
Lianas
Rubia peregrina subsp. longifolia, Smilax aspera, Asparagus albus, Clematis cirrhosa, Clematis flammula
Herb layer
Piptatherum miliaceum, Brachypodium retusum, Hyparrhenia hirta
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia, Clematis cirrhosa, Pistacia lentiscus
Ecological variants
a) quercetosum rotundifoliae; b) myrtetosum communis (Myrtus communis).
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
No details
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
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Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
meso-Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests (J16), thermo-Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests (J46, J47), salt vegetation (P26).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Heath-broom scrub: Cytiso fontanesii-Genistetum dorycnifoliae of Ibiza.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
Menorca: rosemary heath (Loto tetraphylli-Ericetum multiflori) on calciferous soils; heaths (Ampoledesmo mauritanici-Ericetum scopariae) on siliceous soils; Mallorca: Anthyllido cytisoidis-Teucrietum majorici on calciferous soils.
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
---
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
hilly and mountainous country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
thermo-Mediterranean
Geology (bedrock)
Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
(stony calcic cambisols)
soil texture
stony, deep soils
soil moisture, water balance
very dry, dry
soil reaction
weakly acidic, neutral
soil fertility
oligotrophic, oligo-mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
IV1, IV3
average annual temperature
16-18 °C
average annual precipitation
400-800 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
24-26 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
8-12 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
dry climate.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Preserved in fragments, restricted to shaded areas and basins.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
No details
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Bolòs de & Molinier 1969; Folch I Guillèn 1981; Folch I Guillèn & Franquesa 1984; Peinado Lorca & Rivas-Martínez (Ed.) 1987; Rivas-Martínez 1987; Rivas-Martínez, Costa Talens & Loidi Arregui 1992; Rivas-Martínez, Costa Talens, Soriano, Perez, Llorens & Rosello 1992
Compiled by
A. Penas Merino and L. Herrero Cembranos
