Title
Northeast Aegean wild olive-kermes oak-mastic tree scrub (Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Olea europaea subsp. oleaster), partly in combination with Pinus brutia-forests
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Turkey: Gelibolu peninsula
area frequency
1 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
No details
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Mainly Pinus brutia forests with an undergrowth of oak species and Mediterranean shrub species (macchia).
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
partly Pinus brutia
Shrub layer
Quercus coccifera, Quercus infectoria, Quercus pubescens, Olea europaea subsp. oleaster, Juniperus oxycedrus, Pyrus elaeagrifolia, Cistus spp., Pistacia terebinthus, Pistacia lentiscus, Frangula alnus, Phillyrea latifolia, Arbutus andrachne, Arbutus unedo (in north-exposition), Spartium junceum
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Olea europaea subsp. oleaster, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, Arbutus andrachne, Pistacia terebinthus, Frangula alnus
Ecological variants
No details
Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
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Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
kermes oak forests (J34), pine forests (K22).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Forestry with Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster and Cupressus sempervirens; macchia on shallow soils.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
No details
arable land (characteristic weed communities)
No details
settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
No details
Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
hilly country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
lowland-colline; 0-300 m
Geology (bedrock)
Pliocene II and Pliocene I (on higher altitudes), Tertiary
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
parabrown soils, mostly medium; from Pliocene II- material originating soils are calcareous in the loaming zone (clay enrichment zone) and the Cv-horizon; from Pliocene I-material originating soils are non-calcic; (stony chromic and vertic luvisols)
soil texture
clayey loam- and loamy clay soils (locally clay soils)
soil moisture, water balance
moderately fresh to dry
soil reaction
(weakly acidic) neutral, alkaline
soil fertility
mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
IV4
average annual temperature
13,5-15 °C
average annual precipitation
500-700 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
24-26 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
5-6 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
Very high summerly water deficiency.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Severely damaged during the first world war and converted to macchia. Reafforested from 1968 to 1980 with Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster and Cupressus sempervirens. The greater part of its range was burnt down in August 1994 and has been reafforested since. These areas are state forests owing to their strategic importance during the Çanakkale (Dardanelles) war in the year 1915.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Forest fires, air pollution (SO2) from Bulgaria and the Edirne; urban sprawl on coastal strips with summer houses.
required measures for protection and restitution
Prevention of forest fires, cessation of settlement activity, designation of protection areas.
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Turkey: Gaziler Dağı
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Irmak, Kurter & Kantarcı 1980; Kantarcı 1976; Kantarcı & Sevgi 1998
Compiled by
M.D. Kantarcİ
