Title
Dalmatian black pine forests (Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica), partly with Quercus ilex, Erica manipuliflora or Juniperus communis subsp. alpina
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Croatia: Dalmatian islands Brač, Hvar, Korčula and Pelješac peninsula
area frequency
4 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Orno-Quercetum ilicis pinetosum dalmaticae Domac 1965, Erico-Rosmarinetum pinetosum dalmaticae Domac 1965, Genistae sericeae-Ericetum verticillatae pinetosum dalmaticae Domac 1965, Seslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum pinetosum dalmaticae Domac 1965, Stipo-Salvietum officinalis pinetosum dalmaticae Domac 1965, Junipero-Pinetum dalmaticae Domac 1965.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Forests dominated by Dalmatian black pine.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica, Quercus ilex, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia
Shrub layer
Erica manipuliflora, Juniperus communis subsp. alpina
Herb layer
Sesleria autumnalis, Salvia officinalis
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica; Erica manipuliflora, Juniperus communis subsp. alpina
Ecological variants
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
Orno-Quercetum ilicis, Seslerio-Ostryetum, Fagetum illyricum.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
holm oak forests (J19, J20).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
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grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
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arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
mountainous country, Mediterranean-montane to montane locations of the Dalmatian islands
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
lowland to montane
Geology (bedrock)
limestone, chalky clay, slate, sandstone (Tertiary, Cretaceous)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
(chromic cambisols; (stony) chromic luvisols; leptosols)
soil texture
sandy, loamy, stone-rich
soil moisture, water balance
moderately dry, dry
soil reaction
weakly acidic, neutral
soil fertility
meso-eutrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
IV3c
average annual temperature
13-16 °C
average annual precipitation
750-900 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
24-27 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
6-9 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
summerly dry season.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Croatia: Dalmatian islands Brač, Hvar, Korčula and Pelješac peninsula.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Domac 1965
Compiled by
Z. Neuhäuslová based on documents by H. Wagner
