Title
West Moesian common pine-black pine forests (Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, Pinus sylvestris) with Cephalaria flava, Euphorbia glabriflora, Potentilla visianii on ophiolite rocks
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Bosnia- Herzegovina; Yugoslavia: Serbia
area frequency
6 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
Pinetum nigrae-sylvestris Pavlović 1951.
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
Multi-layered, usually more thinned protection forests on steep slopes.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Acer hyrcanum, Corylus colurna among others
Shrub layer
young tree growth; Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides, Syringa vulgaris, Cotinus coggygria, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Taxus baccata, Daphne blagayana, Juniperus oxycedrus, Rhamnus intermedia among others
Herb layer
Carex humilis, Sesleria rigida, Sesleria tenuifolia, Sesleria latifolia, Asperula purpurea, Achillea clypeolata, Achnatherum calamagrostis, Festuca valesiaca, Dianthus petraeus, Seseli rigidum, Micromeria cristata, Arabis hirsuta, Hypericum rumeliacum, Hypericum barbatum, Bupleurum falcatum, Erica carnea, Thymus pulegioides, Thymus praecox subsp. jankae, Vaccinium myrtillus, Potentilla alba, Potentilla aurea, Brachypodium pinnatum, Euphorbia glabriflora, Ranunculus scutatus, Helleborus odorus, Convallaria majalis, Goodyera repens, Saxifraga marginata
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, Pinus sylvestris; Carex humilis, Sesleria rigida, Sesleria latifolia, Potentilla aurea, Erica carnea, Erica manipuliflora, Euphorbia glabriflora, Daphne cneorum among others
Ecological variants
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
beech and oak forests (Fagetum montanum, Abieti-Fagetum moesiacum, Abieti-Fagetum, Quercetum montanum, Quercetum petraeae-cerris, Ostryo-Fagetum), Piceetum montanum.
Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
spruce forests (D38), oak-hornbeam forests (F66), species-poor and species-rich beech and mixed beech forests (F89, F124, F144, F151), Balkan oak-bitter oak forests (G19), downy oak forests (G40).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
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grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
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arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
mountainous country
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
montane; 500-1500 m
Geology (bedrock)
ophiolitic rocks, dolomite (Tertiary, Jurassic, Triassic)
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
ranker, shallow brown soils, humus carbonate soils; (rendzic and umbric leptosols; chromic and eutric cambisols)
soil moisture, water balance
dry
soil reaction
neutral, alkaline
soil fertility
oligotrophic to mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
VI2b
average annual temperature
7-10 °C
average annual precipitation
700-1100 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
16-19 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
-4 to -2 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
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Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
No details
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
No details
required measures for protection and restitution
No details
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Yugoslavia: Suva planina, Bosilj grad, Zlatibor, Goč, Kopaonik; Bosnia- Herzegovina: Konjuh, Borja, Drvar, Bugojno, Konjic, river area of the Krivaja.
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Jovanović 1980; Jovanović 1987a; Jovanović 1987b; Jovanović & Parabučski 1987; Ritter-Studnička 1967
Compiled by
M. Zupančič
