Title
North Thracian black pine forests (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) with Quercus iberica, Erica arborea, Erica manipuliflora
Geographical distribution
Country/territory
Turkey: north-east Thracian Black Sea coast between Kıyıköy and Çilingoz
area frequency
2 polygons.
Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation)
No details
Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.)
15 m tall Pinus nigra forests with a species-rich shrub layer.
Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
Tree layer
Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Quercus iberica, Sorbus torminalis
Shrub layer
Erica arborea, Erica manipuliflora, Arbutus unedo, Spartium junceum, Frangula alnus
Moss layer (incl. lichens)
No details
Diagnostically important species
Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana
Ecological variants
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
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Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names)
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Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units)
Balkan oak-bitter oak forests (G24).
Land use, substitute communities
forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub)
Forestry.
grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities)
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arable land (characteristic weed communities)
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settlements (typical ruderal vegetation)
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Site conditions of the mapping unit
Landscape type, geomorphology
hilly and mountainous country; steep slopes
Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range
colline; 50-250 m
Geology (bedrock)
crystal slate, Tertiary sediments
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature)
shallow gray-brown podzolic soil; (stony chromic luvisols)
soil texture
clayey loam, skeletal-poor
soil moisture, water balance
fresh to dry
soil reaction
moderately to weakly acidic
soil fertility
oligo-mesotrophic, mesotrophic
Climate incl. local climate
climate type (following Walter & Lieth)
IV(VII)
average annual temperature
13-14 °C
average annual precipitation
700-800 mm
average temperature of the warmest month
21-24 °C
average temperature of the coldest month
5-6 °C
local climate or other climatic peculiarities
summerly dryness.
Importance for nature protection
Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment)
Relict forests.
endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation
No details
causes of endangerment
Forest fires, forestry, air pollution.
required measures for protection and restitution
Protection of semi-natural remnants.
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
of the natural vegetation
Turkey: north-east Thracian Black Sea coast near Karatepe (Çamlıkoy-Çilingoz-Yalıköy).
of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection
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Most important references (author, year)
Irmak, Kurter & Kantarcı 1980; Kantarcı 1973; Kantarcı 1976; Kantarcı 1978a; Kantarcı 1978b; Kantarcı 1979b; Kantarcı & Karaöz 1998
Compiled by
M. D. Kantarcı
